Thrush (Female)
Vaginal thrush is a common fungal infection caused by an overgrowth of yeast, causing itching, soreness and discharge. It's not a sexually transmitted infection
About thrush (female)
Thrush occurs when the Candida yeast, normally present in small amounts, multiplies excessively, often triggered by antibiotics, pregnancy, poorly controlled diabetes, a weakened immune system, or hormonal changes. Most women experience it at some point, and it usually responds quickly to treatment
Treatments
Symptoms
• Itching and irritation around the vagina and vulva
• Soreness or stinging, particularly during sex or urination
• Thick, white, odourless discharge, often described as cottage-cheese-like
• Redness and swelling of the vulva
• Discomfort or a burning sensation
Diagnosis
Thrush is usually diagnosed from typical symptoms and appearance. A swab test may be used if symptoms are recurrent (four or more episodes a year), severe, or unclear, to confirm the diagnosis or rule out another cause
Treatment
Thrush is usually treated with an antifungal pessary or internal cream inserted into the vagina, an oral antifungal capsule, or an external cream for outer irritation, either alone or in combination. Symptoms usually improve within a few days
Prevention and self-care
• Wash the genital area with water only, avoiding soap, shower gel or douches
• Avoid tight, synthetic underwear
• Change out of wet swimwear or exercise clothing promptly
• Wipe front to back after using the toilet
• Consider probiotics if recurrent thrush follows antibiotic use, though evidence is mixed
• Seek advice if thrush recurs frequently, as it may need a longer treatment course
Reviewed by Hamza Iqbal Naheed, Superintendent Pharmacist, GPhC 2209194 (check the register) · Last updated 22 September 2026