Rosacea
Rosacea is a common, long-term skin condition that causes facial redness, visible blood vessels, and sometimes spots, typically affecting the cheeks, nose, forehead and chin
About rosacea
The exact cause of rosacea isn't fully understood, but it's thought to involve blood vessel changes, immune response, and a mix of genetic and environmental factors. It usually develops in adulthood, tends to flare and settle over time, and can be triggered by things like sunlight, alcohol, spicy food, heat and stress
Treatments
Symptoms
• Persistent facial redness, especially on the cheeks and nose
• Visible small blood vessels (telangiectasia)
• Small, red bumps or pus-filled spots, resembling acne
• Skin that feels sensitive, hot or stinging
• Thickened skin, particularly around the nose, in more severe long-standing cases
• Eye irritation (ocular rosacea) in some people
Diagnosis
Rosacea is usually diagnosed from its typical appearance and pattern of flushing and flare-ups. Referral to a dermatologist may be considered for severe, unusual or treatment-resistant cases, or where eye symptoms are significant
Treatment
Treatment depends on the main symptoms: topical metronidazole or azelaic acid for mild redness and bumps, oral antibiotics (such as low-dose doxycycline) for more inflamed cases, and specific treatments for persistent redness or visible vessels. Long-term use of a gentle skincare routine alongside treatment supports results
Prevention and self-care
• Identify and avoid personal triggers (sun, alcohol, spicy food, heat, stress)
• Use a broad-spectrum sunscreen daily
• Choose gentle, fragrance-free skincare products
• Avoid harsh scrubs or exfoliants
• Protect skin from extreme temperatures
• Continue treatment consistently, as rosacea is a long-term condition managed rather than cured
Reviewed by Hamza Iqbal Naheed, Superintendent Pharmacist, GPhC 2209194 (check the register) · Last updated 22 September 2026