Menopause – Vaginal HRT
Menopause is a natural stage in life when periods stop permanently, usually occurring between ages 45 and 55, caused by declining ovarian hormone levels. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is a common and effective treatment for symptoms
About menopause – vaginal hrt
As oestrogen and progesterone levels fall during perimenopause and menopause, this can affect many body systems, causing physical and emotional symptoms that vary widely between individuals. HRT replaces these declining hormones, most commonly as oestrogen alone or combined with progestogen (needed if the womb is still present), taken as tablets, patches, gels or sprays
Treatments
Symptoms
• Hot flushes and night sweats
• Irregular or stopped periods
• Vaginal dryness or discomfort
• Mood changes, anxiety or low mood
• Sleep disturbance
• Joint aches and reduced concentration ("brain fog")
Diagnosis
Menopause is usually diagnosed from age and typical symptoms, particularly a change in periods, without the need for blood tests in most women over 45. Blood tests measuring hormone levels may help in younger women or where the picture is unclear
Treatment
HRT is tailored to the individual, considering symptoms, whether the womb is present, personal risk factors and preference for tablets, patches, gel or spray. Non-hormonal options and lifestyle measures are also available for those who prefer not to use HRT or for whom it isn't suitable
Prevention and self-care
• Maintain regular exercise, including weight-bearing activity for bone health
• Eat a calcium- and vitamin D-rich diet
• Reduce triggers for hot flushes, such as caffeine, alcohol and spicy food, if noticed
• Prioritise sleep and stress management
• Attend regular health checks, including cervical and breast screening
• Review HRT regularly with a healthcare professional to reassess benefits and risks
Reviewed by Hamza Iqbal Naheed, Superintendent Pharmacist, GPhC 2209194 (check the register) · Last updated 21 September 2026