Hay Fever – Oral
Hayfever (allergic rhinitis) is an allergic reaction to pollen that causes sneezing, a runny or blocked nose, and itchy, watery eyes. Oral antihistamines are a common first-line treatment
About hay fever – oral
Hayfever occurs when the immune system overreacts to pollen, releasing histamine and other chemicals that cause inflammation in the nose, eyes and throat. It typically follows a seasonal pattern linked to tree, grass or weed pollen, and severity can vary from mild to significantly disruptive
Treatments
Symptoms
• Frequent sneezing
• Runny or blocked nose
• Itchy nose, throat, mouth or ears
• Red, itchy or watery eyes
• Loss of smell
• Tiredness, particularly with poor sleep from symptoms
Diagnosis
Hayfever is usually diagnosed from the pattern of symptoms and their link to seasons or specific triggers. Allergy testing may be considered if the diagnosis is unclear or symptoms are severe and persistent
Treatment
Non-drowsy oral antihistamines (such as cetirizine, loratadine or fexofenadine) are usually the first choice, reducing sneezing, itching and runny nose by blocking histamine's effects. They can be taken regularly during pollen season or as needed for symptom relief.
Prevention and self-care
• Check daily pollen forecasts and stay indoors when counts are high
• Keep windows closed, especially in the early morning and evening
• Shower and change clothes after being outdoors
• Wear wraparound sunglasses outside
• Avoid drying laundry outdoors during high pollen
• Start antihistamines before symptoms usually begin each season
Reviewed by Hamza Iqbal Naheed, Superintendent Pharmacist, GPhC 2209194 (check the register) · Last updated 21 September 2026