Haemorrhoids
Haemorrhoids (piles) are swollen blood vessels in or around the back passage (anus). They're very common and usually improve with simple treatment
About haemorrhoids
Haemorrhoids develop when the veins around the anus and lower rectum become swollen, often due to increased pressure from straining, constipation, pregnancy or prolonged sitting. They can occur inside the anus (internal) or under the skin around it (external), and while uncomfortable, they're rarely serious
Treatments
Symptoms
• Itching or irritation around the anus
• A lump or swelling near the anus
• Pain or discomfort, especially when sitting or passing stool
• Bright red blood on stool, toilet paper or in the toilet
• A mucus discharge
• A feeling of incomplete bowel emptying
Diagnosis
Haemorrhoids are usually diagnosed from symptoms and a physical examination. Since rectal bleeding can also indicate other conditions, a GP may examine further or refer for investigation, particularly if bleeding is new, persistent, or bowel habit has changed
Treatment
Topical creams, ointments or suppositories containing local anaesthetics, corticosteroids or astringents ease itching, pain and swelling. Increasing fibre and fluids to soften stool reduces straining. Larger or persistent haemorrhoids may need a minor procedure such as banding
Prevention and self-care
• Eat plenty of fibre and drink enough fluids to keep stools soft
• Avoid straining or spending long periods on the toilet
• Respond promptly to the urge to pass stool
• Stay physically active
• Avoid heavy lifting where possible
• Maintain a healthy weight
Reviewed by Hamza Iqbal Naheed, Superintendent Pharmacist, GPhC 2209194 (check the register) · Last updated 21 September 2026