Erectile Dysfunction
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is the persistent inability to get or keep an erection firm enough for satisfactory sex. It's common, particularly with increasing age, and usually treatable
About erectile dysfunction
Erections rely on healthy blood flow, nerve function and hormone levels, alongside psychological factors. ED can stem from physical causes (cardiovascular disease, diabetes, low testosterone, some medicines), psychological causes (stress, anxiety, relationship issues), or a combination. It can sometimes be an early sign of underlying cardiovascular disease
Treatments
Symptoms
• Difficulty getting an erection
• Difficulty maintaining an erection during sex
• Reduced sexual desire
• Reduced confidence or anxiety around sex
• Symptoms that may be occasional or persistent
Diagnosis
ED is usually assessed through a discussion of symptoms, medical history, lifestyle and current medicines. Blood pressure, and sometimes blood tests for cholesterol, blood sugar and testosterone, may be checked, as ED can be an early marker of cardiovascular risk
Treatment
PDE5 inhibitors (such as sildenafil, tadalafil or vardenafil) are the first-line treatment, improving blood flow to help achieve an erection with sexual stimulation. They aren't suitable for everyone, particularly those taking nitrates, so a health check confirms suitability before treatment
Prevention and self-care
• Maintain a healthy weight and stay physically active
• Stop smoking and limit alcohol
• Manage underlying conditions like diabetes and high blood pressure
• Address stress, anxiety or relationship factors, including talking therapies if helpful
• Get enough sleep
• Review medicines that may contribute, with a prescriber's advice
Reviewed by Hamza Iqbal Naheed, Superintendent Pharmacist, GPhC 2209194 (check the register) · Last updated 21 September 2026