Eczema & Dermatitis
Eczema (also called atopic eczema or dermatitis) is a common, long-term skin condition that causes dry, itchy and inflamed skin, with symptoms that come and go over time
About eczema & dermatitis
Eczema develops when the skin's protective barrier is weaker than normal, making it more sensitive to irritants, allergens and infection. It can affect any age but is most common in children, and many people continue to experience it into adulthood. There's no cure, but treatment can keep symptoms well controlled
Treatments
Symptoms
• Dry, cracked skin
• Itching, often worse at night
• Red, inflamed or discoloured patches
• Rough or thickened skin from scratching
• Soreness or tenderness during flare-ups
• Occasional oozing or crusting if skin becomes infected
Diagnosis
Eczema is usually diagnosed from its appearance, distribution and history, based on symptoms and skin examination. Further tests are rarely needed, though allergy testing may be considered if a trigger is suspected
Treatment
Regular use of emollients (moisturisers) keeps skin hydrated and is the foundation of management. Topical corticosteroids reduce inflammation during flare-ups, and topical calcineurin inhibitors are an alternative where steroids aren't suitable. Treating any skin infection promptly is important if the skin becomes broken or infected.
Prevention and self-care
• Apply moisturiser every day, even when skin is clear
• Avoid soaps, bubble baths and skincare products that irritate the skin
• Identify and avoid personal triggers where possible (certain fabrics, detergents, allergens)
• Keep showers and baths short and lukewarm rather than hot
• Avoid scratching to reduce skin damage and infection risk
• Keep fingernails short if scratching is a problem
Reviewed by Hamza Iqbal Naheed, Superintendent Pharmacist, GPhC 2209194 (check the register) · Last updated 21 September 2026