Diarrhoea
Diarrhoea means passing loose or watery stools more frequently than normal. Most cases are short-lived and settle on their own within a few days
About diarrhoea
Diarrhoea is most often caused by a viral or bacterial gut infection (gastroenteritis), but can also result from food intolerances, medicines, stress or underlying digestive conditions. The main risk, especially in young children and older adults, is dehydration from fluid loss
Treatments
Symptoms
• Frequent, loose or watery stools
• Stomach cramps
• Nausea or vomiting
• Urgency to reach the toilet
• Mild fever
• Signs of dehydration such as thirst, dizziness or dark urine
Diagnosis
Most diarrhoea is diagnosed from symptoms and recent history (such as travel, food, or contact with others who are unwell) without further tests. A stool sample may be needed if it's severe, bloody, lasts more than a few days, or follows travel abroad or antibiotic use
Treatment
Rehydration is the priority, using oral rehydration salts if needed, alongside eating light meals as tolerated. Anti-diarrhoeal medicines such as loperamide can reduce frequency in adults with uncomplicated diarrhoea but aren't suitable for bloody diarrhoea, high fever, or in young children
Prevention and self-care
• Wash hands thoroughly, especially before eating and after the toilet
• Drink plenty of fluids during an episode
• Avoid preparing food for others while symptomatic and for 48 hours after
• Be cautious with food and water hygiene when travelling
• Store and cook food safely
• Seek help if symptoms are severe or don't improve within a few days
Reviewed by Hamza Iqbal Naheed, Superintendent Pharmacist, GPhC 2209194 (check the register) · Last updated 21 September 2026