Acid Reflux & GORD
Acid reflux happens when stomach acid flows back up into the oesophagus, causing a burning sensation behind the breastbone. When it happens regularly, it's known as gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD)
About acid reflux & gord
The muscle at the bottom of the oesophagus (the lower oesophageal sphincter) normally stops stomach contents moving upwards. When this muscle weakens or relaxes at the wrong time, acid can escape into the oesophagus and irritate its lining. Reflux is very common and can be triggered by diet, weight, pregnancy, smoking and certain medicines
Treatments
Symptoms
• Heartburn (burning behind the breastbone, often after eating or lying down)
• Acid regurgitation (a sour or bitter taste in the mouth)
• Bloating and belching
• Feeling sick
• Discomfort when swallowing
• A persistent cough or hoarse voice
• Bad breath
Diagnosis
Most cases are diagnosed from the typical pattern of symptoms without further tests. A pharmacist or GP may ask about triggers, frequency and any red-flag symptoms such as difficulty swallowing, unexplained weight loss or vomiting blood, which would need urgent investigation such as endoscopy
Treatment
Occasional reflux can be managed with antacids or alginates, which neutralise acid or form a protective barrier. More frequent symptoms are usually treated with a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) or an H2-receptor antagonist to reduce acid production, taken for a short course initially and reviewed if symptoms persist beyond a few weeks
Prevention and self-care
• Eat smaller, more frequent meals
• Avoid eating within 3-4 hours of bedtime
• Reduce or avoid trigger foods (spicy, fatty or acidic foods, caffeine, alcohol)
• Maintain a healthy weight
• Raise the head of the bed
• Stop smoking
• Avoid tight clothing around the waist
Reviewed by Hamza Iqbal Naheed, Superintendent Pharmacist, GPhC 2209194 (check the register) · Last updated 21 September 2026